Sea-level rise
Saturday, September 21, 2013
Sea-level rise by the global warming, polar ice melts, the upper ocean thermal expansion change causes such as rising sea levels worldwide phenomenon.
Sea level rise on coastal areas of socio-economic, natural environment and ecosystems, so have a significant impact. First, rising sea levels could submerge some low-lying coastal areas, strengthening of maritime power factor to promote the beach, coastal erosion, and thus change "Kuwata" to "sea"; Secondly, rising sea levels will make storm surge intensity increased, frequency increased, not only endanger people's lives and property in coastal areas, but also to make land salinization. Always on the rise of sea level, saltwater intrusion, resulting in agricultural production, destruction of the ecological environment. In China , by the rising sea levels in areas severely affected mainly the Bohai Bay region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions
Sea level rise is a lot of factors: thermal expansion of ocean, mountain glaciers , the Greenland land ice and Antarctic ice cap melts, etc., most of the world mountain glaciers in nearly a year showed a trend flinch. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau although not necessarily in the glacial period as today's Antarctica as there have been endless uniform ice sheet, but one thing is certain, and that is where there was a large number of mountain glaciers in the long years of gradual melting and disappeared.
Global warming is melting glaciers is the main cause of rising sea levels, but according to July 10, 2012 a study from the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research shows that assuming stable global greenhouse gas emissions, global warming is no longer growing, sea level will still rising for centuries.
The researchers said in a research report, which is very complicated, mainly due to the thermal expansion of seawater. Even if global temperatures stabilized, sea surface temperature and sea temperatures still have differences, deep sea temperatures will slowly rise, which would lead to more reactive thermal expansion of seawater, and then expand the overall volume of seawater, sea-level rise. This reaction to continue for a long time, only the sea complete with air temperature reaches a certain equilibrium state will stop, this time is estimated to be 300 years.
Wu and Peltier (1983) estimated that the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and Ted Laolun Scandinavian ice sheet in 18,000 years
Sea level
Sea level
Before beginning to melt, rapid melting began 1350 years ago to 7,000 years ago, ,7000-5000 years ago between the ice melt decreases. Jaritz and Ruder (1977) plotted Mozambique Holocene sea-level change curve , dropped to 0.47 meters per century. 6,000 years ago, sea level reached its highest point above the modern sea level 2.5 meters. Since then slow down to modern sea sea location.
Chinese coastal Holocene sea-level change can be divided into 6000 before the sharp rise ,6000-5000 years ago, during the highest sea and 5000 years were relatively stable as a slight fall in three stages; Meanwhile, the sea is volatile, with 8500-7800 years ago period ,7300-6700 ,6000-5000 years ago during the period ,4600-4000 ,3800-3100 years ago during the period, as well as 2500-1500 years ago during the peak of six times, including four times after the peak is higher than Today the sea during high sea. China Holocene coral reef growth, can be divided into 8500-7800 years ,7300-6700 ,6300-4800 years ago ,4500-4000 years ,3800-1400 ,2800-3100 years ago, and less than 1000 years ago, seven years ago, periods, China Holocene sea-level change and coral reef growth and crustal movement about. 6 times 6 times China Sea Crest corresponding Holocene reef development, and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report concluded the opposite.
10000-8000 years ago, during the sea to the rate of 2.65 meters per century rapid rise ,8000-6000 years ago, sea level rise rate slowed down during the period, for every hundred years. 6000 years falling instead of rising sea levels, the average decline 0.04 meters per century, indicating that 6000 years is not to shell equilibrium intense activity period.
Since the 19th century, global warming, sea level rise rate of 0.10-0.15 meters per century. Ie 10000-8000 sea level rise during the year for its speed nearly 26 times, so 10000-8000 isostatic strength during the year should also be 26-fold. Thus, in the year-ago period 10000-8000, 1000 earthquake spaced intervals will be shortened to 50 years, a hundred years earthquake interval will be shortened to four years interval. 6,000 years ago, sea level reached its highest point above the modern sea level 2.5 meters. 10000-6000 years ago, during the Earth's earthquake should be focused on the outbreak period.
Sea level rise on human survival and economic development is a slow-onset natural disasters . It is because it is the slow onset, and therefore often not taken by the people, that one millimeter per year rise also constitute danger. In fact, this disaster is cumulative and progressive. Mm per year and decade to increase millimeters, for example, the first decade of this century, sea levels will rise cm, the second decade of rising cm, the last decade will rise centimeters. End of this century, global sea level rise will accumulate centimeters. Plus many coastal land subsidence, sea level rise may reach m or more. For many people this place is undoubtedly drowned. And right now, it has been detrimental to the coastal residents. It makes coastal storm surge disaster occurred more frequently exacerbate flooding, coastal lowlands and coastal erosion, coastal retreat, coastal areas contaminated water, farmland salinization, increased tidal wave action to strengthen, weaken coastal the ability to protect the dam, forcing designers to improve engineering design standards, increase funding for the project will also exacerbate the estuary of seawater intrusion, increase the sewage difficulty, destroy the ecological balance.
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Consequences
Vanuatu
Vanuatu is located in the southwest Pacific. Is a Melanesian archipelago, from about 80 islands (of which 68 are inhabited) components. The largest islands are Santo Island, an area of 3947 square kilometers. Is a tropical climate .
Basic Introduction
Sea-level rise by the global warming , polar ice melts, the upper ocean thermal expansion change causes such as global sea level rise phenomenon. Research shows that over the past century global sea level has risen by 10 to 20 cm, and the future, it will accelerate the rise. But the world is a region of the actual sea level change , but also by the local land vertical movement - slow crustal movements and local land subsidence , the global sea level rise coupled with local land values and movements, namely the region relative sea-level change . Thus, the study of a regional sea level rise, only to study the relative sea level rise can be meaningful.Sea level rise on coastal areas of socio-economic, natural environment and ecosystems, so have a significant impact. First, rising sea levels could submerge some low-lying coastal areas, strengthening of maritime power factor to promote the beach, coastal erosion, and thus change "Kuwata" to "sea"; Secondly, rising sea levels will make storm surge intensity increased, frequency increased, not only endanger people's lives and property in coastal areas, but also to make land salinization. Always on the rise of sea level, saltwater intrusion, resulting in agricultural production, destruction of the ecological environment. In China , by the rising sea levels in areas severely affected mainly the Bohai Bay region, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions
Reasons for the increase
Sea level rise is a lot of factors: thermal expansion of ocean, mountain glaciers , the Greenland land ice and Antarctic ice cap melts, etc., most of the world mountain glaciers in nearly a year showed a trend flinch. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau although not necessarily in the glacial period as today's Antarctica as there have been endless uniform ice sheet, but one thing is certain, and that is where there was a large number of mountain glaciers in the long years of gradual melting and disappeared.
Global warming is melting glaciers is the main cause of rising sea levels, but according to July 10, 2012 a study from the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research shows that assuming stable global greenhouse gas emissions, global warming is no longer growing, sea level will still rising for centuries.
The researchers said in a research report, which is very complicated, mainly due to the thermal expansion of seawater. Even if global temperatures stabilized, sea surface temperature and sea temperatures still have differences, deep sea temperatures will slowly rise, which would lead to more reactive thermal expansion of seawater, and then expand the overall volume of seawater, sea-level rise. This reaction to continue for a long time, only the sea complete with air temperature reaches a certain equilibrium state will stop, this time is estimated to be 300 years.
The rate of increase
Wu and Peltier (1983) estimated that the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and Ted Laolun Scandinavian ice sheet in 18,000 years
Sea level
Sea level
Before beginning to melt, rapid melting began 1350 years ago to 7,000 years ago, ,7000-5000 years ago between the ice melt decreases. Jaritz and Ruder (1977) plotted Mozambique Holocene sea-level change curve , dropped to 0.47 meters per century. 6,000 years ago, sea level reached its highest point above the modern sea level 2.5 meters. Since then slow down to modern sea sea location.
Chinese coastal Holocene sea-level change can be divided into 6000 before the sharp rise ,6000-5000 years ago, during the highest sea and 5000 years were relatively stable as a slight fall in three stages; Meanwhile, the sea is volatile, with 8500-7800 years ago period ,7300-6700 ,6000-5000 years ago during the period ,4600-4000 ,3800-3100 years ago during the period, as well as 2500-1500 years ago during the peak of six times, including four times after the peak is higher than Today the sea during high sea. China Holocene coral reef growth, can be divided into 8500-7800 years ,7300-6700 ,6300-4800 years ago ,4500-4000 years ,3800-1400 ,2800-3100 years ago, and less than 1000 years ago, seven years ago, periods, China Holocene sea-level change and coral reef growth and crustal movement about. 6 times 6 times China Sea Crest corresponding Holocene reef development, and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report concluded the opposite.
10000-8000 years ago, during the sea to the rate of 2.65 meters per century rapid rise ,8000-6000 years ago, sea level rise rate slowed down during the period, for every hundred years. 6000 years falling instead of rising sea levels, the average decline 0.04 meters per century, indicating that 6000 years is not to shell equilibrium intense activity period.
Since the 19th century, global warming, sea level rise rate of 0.10-0.15 meters per century. Ie 10000-8000 sea level rise during the year for its speed nearly 26 times, so 10000-8000 isostatic strength during the year should also be 26-fold. Thus, in the year-ago period 10000-8000, 1000 earthquake spaced intervals will be shortened to 50 years, a hundred years earthquake interval will be shortened to four years interval. 6,000 years ago, sea level reached its highest point above the modern sea level 2.5 meters. 10000-6000 years ago, during the Earth's earthquake should be focused on the outbreak period.
Harm
Sea level rise on human survival and economic development is a slow-onset natural disasters . It is because it is the slow onset, and therefore often not taken by the people, that one millimeter per year rise also constitute danger. In fact, this disaster is cumulative and progressive. Mm per year and decade to increase millimeters, for example, the first decade of this century, sea levels will rise cm, the second decade of rising cm, the last decade will rise centimeters. End of this century, global sea level rise will accumulate centimeters. Plus many coastal land subsidence, sea level rise may reach m or more. For many people this place is undoubtedly drowned. And right now, it has been detrimental to the coastal residents. It makes coastal storm surge disaster occurred more frequently exacerbate flooding, coastal lowlands and coastal erosion, coastal retreat, coastal areas contaminated water, farmland salinization, increased tidal wave action to strengthen, weaken coastal the ability to protect the dam, forcing designers to improve engineering design standards, increase funding for the project will also exacerbate the estuary of seawater intrusion, increase the sewage difficulty, destroy the ecological balance.
Edit this paragraph
Consequences
Tonga
Tonga is located in the southwest Pacific, from the more than 150 islands, islands generally divided into two things, mostly eastern column coral island , west out mostly volcanic island , the island is covered with coconut palms, banana and green forests, many villages according to potential built in the woods, with scenery natural beauty. Known as "the natural beauty of the island of the sun." Rafting on the day between the islands, you can enjoy the wonders of the coast Miaojing, fascinating. Annual summer and autumn, groups, and teams from the equator warm zone whales swim through Tongatapu and Eva Island between 10-11 meters wide strait, where whale watching as a special kind of tourism activities.Maldives Islands
Maldives is located in Sri Lanka, 650 km south seas, north to south through the equator column, forming a long Keys area. If we can take a small plane flying in South Male, North Male Atoll, Maldives from the air, you will very surprised, boundless sea, dotted with a garland of islands as one, as if the sky shake-down a block of jade . Central island is green, surrounded by a white and light blue waters near the island, light blue, deep blue, successive gradients, the Indian Ocean like the side of a blue velvet cloth, on a blue velvet cloth, then dressed with a string of jade, emerald.Australia's Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest and longest coral reefs, is the world's seven natural landscape , is one of the most Australians are proud of the natural landscape. Also known as "transparent clear sea wild kingdom." This charming scenery, steep treacherous, water is very complex, living with more than 400 different types of coral reefs, which has the world's largest coral reef, fish, 1,500 kinds, more than 4,000 species of mollusks, 242 kinds of birds gather, has unique scientific terms, here is some endangered animal species (such as the dugong and giant green turtles) habitat.Hawaii Islands
Hawaiian Islands are the 124 islands and eight Oshima island chain consisting of crescent, curved inlaid in the central Pacific Ocean waters , so there is the "Pacific Crossroads" and "America's gateway to the Asia-Pacific Gateway," said. Its land area of 16,641 square kilometers, is the largest island of Hawaii by five volcanoes, of which Jilaweie volcanoes of the world's most active volcanoes. Mauna Loa volcano eruption once every few years, blazing lava began to flow from the mountain gap, becoming one of the wonders of Hawaii. Oahu is the third largest island in Hawaii is the political and cultural center - the capital Honolulu is located. Hawaii is best known are: Honolulu, Wilkie Beach and Pearl Harbor.Nauru
Nauru is located in the South Pacific Midwest dense Micronesia Westerly Islands, the " Paradise Island , "said the smallest island. Nauru has a central crater lake , called " Bois Dalat Palace Lake ", 50 meters in diameter, surrounded by coconut trees around the lake, red white walls of the houses reflected in the lake, a few white bird seen from time to time in chased on the lake. Bois Dalat Palace lake, like the Heavenly craftsman for this white embroidered green island bordered by a crystal-like side mirror, the beautiful scenery of Nauru and adding brilliant colors.Kiribati
Kiribati is an island nation in the central Pacific. Is the only one either crossed the equator, but also across the international date line in the country. Consists of 33 islands, spread over about 500 million square kilometers of sea, land distribution is the world's most decentralized countries. Kiribati islands are coral islands, with an area larger islands around the atolls, reefs within the lagoon. Where the Line Islands in the " Christmas "is the world's largest lagoon island with an area of 640 square kilometers.Tuvalu
Tuvalu, Funafuti by the, Vaitupu, Nanumea etc. 9 circular coral islands, of which eight islands are inhabited. Distance of 560 kilometers north and south ends, stretching from northwest to southeast spread over about 130 million square kilometers of sea area where the land area of only 26 square kilometers. Is second only to Nauru Oceania second small country. Capital Funafuti is located on the main island, a radius of not more than 2 square kilometers.Tokelau Atafu
Tokelau also known as "Union Island" or "joint Islands." Central Pacific island group by Atta rich, Nukunonu and Fakaofo three coral islands. A land area of 12 square kilometers. Population 2,000 (1981), in the capital of Fakaofo Fakaofo on. Production of coconut, cocoa and bananas.Vanuatu
Vanuatu is located in the southwest Pacific. Is a Melanesian archipelago, from about 80 islands (of which 68 are inhabited) components. The largest islands are Santo Island, an area of 3947 square kilometers. Is a tropical climate .
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